:root{--navy:#172a36;--blue:#275b70;--ink:#243440;--muted:#52616b;--line:#c8cfd2;--pale:#f1f3f3;--light:#e4e9eb}body{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',Arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}h1,h2,h3,h4,.brand,.nav-link,.header-link,.button,.stat strong,.footer-brand{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed','Arial Narrow',Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0}h1{font-size:53px;line-height:1.1}h2{font-size:34px;line-height:1.18}h3{line-height:1.2}.hero h1{font-size:53px;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:25px}.hero .lead{font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:18px}.hero p:not(.lead):not(.status){max-width:540px}.hero{padding:54px 0}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:58px}.hero .eyebrow{margin-bottom:19px}.brand strong{font-size:29px;letter-spacing:.9px}.brand small{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',Arial,sans-serif;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1.9px}.brand-symbol{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',Arial,sans-serif;font-size:30px}.header-main{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.nav-wrap{gap:31px}.nav-link,.header-link{font-size:16px}.button{font-size:16px;gap:15px}.text-link{font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.identity{letter-spacing:0;font-size:11px}.status{font-size:11px;margin-top:25px;align-items:flex-start;line-height:1.5}.status:before{margin-top:5px;flex-shrink:0}.section{padding:58px 0}.section-intro{grid-template-columns:.8fr 2fr;gap:70px}.section-intro h2{max-width:730px}.section-intro p{max-width:750px}.section-heading h2{font-size:32px}.stock-photo{margin:0}.stock-photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;background:#e4e9eb}.stock-photo figcaption{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5;margin-top:9px}.stock-photo figcaption a{color:var(--muted)}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:1.18;object-position:42% center}.hero-photo{align-self:center}.evidence{padding:25px 0}.stat strong{font-size:40px;line-height:1.2}.evidence-intro{max-width:300px;font-size:13px}.evidence-intro strong{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:10px}.stat p{font-size:13px}.requirements{list-style:none;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:0;margin:15px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.requirements li{padding:22px 19px 0 0;margin:0}.requirements li+li{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:22px}.requirement-number{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;font-size:15px;color:var(--blue);display:block;margin-bottom:13px}.requirements h3{font-size:21px;margin-bottom:10px}.requirements p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.55;margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.split-panel{gap:62px;align-items:start}.split-panel h2{font-size:33px}.source-line{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;margin:18px 0}.citation{font-size:12px;display:inline;text-underline-offset:3px}.source-line .citation+.citation{margin-left:14px}.moat-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:30px}.moat-grid section{border-top:2px solid var(--navy);padding-top:21px}.moat-grid h3{font-size:24px}.moat-grid p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.asset-label{display:block;font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.8px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:12px}.list-line h3{font-size:23px}.list-line p{font-size:14px}.page-heading h1{font-size:46px;letter-spacing:0;max-width:900px}.page-heading .lead{font-size:18px;line-height:1.65;max-width:840px}.page-heading{padding:38px 0 40px}.market-table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;background:#fff}.market-table th,.market-table td{text-align:left;vertical-align:top;padding:22px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);width:25%}.market-table thead th{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;font-size:17px;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-weight:500}.market-table tbody th{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1.2;background:#e9edef;width:22%;font-weight:600}.market-table small{display:block;font:11px/1.5 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.table-index{display:block;font:11px/1.5 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:10px}.table-sources{margin-top:14px}.table-sources a{font-size:10px;display:inline-block;margin-right:8px}.body-grid{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:55px}.content-section h2{font-size:31px}.content-section h3{font-size:24px}.content-section .moat-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.content-section .moat-grid h3{margin-top:0}.content-section .moat-grid p{font-size:15px}.side-nav{font-size:12px}.campus-diagram{margin:27px 0;background:var(--pale);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px}.campus-inputs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:13px;padding-bottom:24px;position:relative}.campus-inputs:after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:10px;left:12%;right:12%;border-top:1px solid #8c9da8}.campus-inputs .diagram-box{position:relative;padding:15px 10px;font:600 17px/1.2 'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;z-index:1}.campus-inputs .diagram-box:after{content:'';position:absolute;left:50%;top:100%;height:15px;border-left:1px solid #8c9da8}.campus-inputs .diagram-box small{font:11px/1.4 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;margin-top:9px}.electrical-bus{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;padding:13px;text-align:center;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;font-size:20px}.campus-output{border:1px solid #8c9da8;background:#fff;max-width:260px;text-align:center;padding:12px;margin:25px auto 0;position:relative;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.campus-output:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:50%;bottom:100%;height:26px;border-left:1px solid #8c9da8}.campus-diagram figcaption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);margin-top:20px}.integration-steps section{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:24px 0 7px}.integration-steps h3{margin-top:0}.research-content{padding-top:30px}.research-jump{display:flex;gap:26px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-bottom:27px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:13px}.research-group{padding:40px 0 0}.research-group h2{font-size:31px}.research-entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:240px minmax(0,1fr);gap:45px;padding:31px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:25px}.source-type{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;line-height:1.4;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.6px;border:1px solid #bbc6cc;padding:5px 8px;background:var(--pale)}.research-publisher{font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin:13px 0 0}.research-entry h3{font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:12px}.research-entry h3 a{color:var(--navy)}.research-entry p{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:12px}.research-entry .research-relevance{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.research-entry .text-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:5px}.research-group:first-of-type .source-type{border-color:#507086;color:#214c65}.article-row h3{font-size:26px;line-height:1.25}.article-row p{font-size:14px}.article-header h1{font-size:46px;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.15}.article-header .lead{font-size:18px}.article-body{font-size:17px}.article-body h2{font-size:28px}.article-aside{font-size:12px}.founder h2{font-size:30px;margin-bottom:7px}.founder p{font-size:16px}.founder .profile-link{font-size:13px}.contact-panel h2{font-size:32px}.contact-panel h3{font-size:22px}.contact-panel p{font-size:15px}.footer{margin-top:0}.footer-brand{font-size:22px;letter-spacing:.7px}.brief-team h2{font-size:25px}.brief-item h2{font-size:26px}.brief-grid{padding-bottom:30px}.brief-team{padding-bottom:10px}.note{font-size:12px}.phase-list h3{font-size:24px}.phase-list p{font-size:14px}.page-heading+ .wrap{padding-bottom:50px}.research-content .note{padding:20px 0}.faq summary{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600}.content-section:last-child{padding-bottom:45px}.error-page{min-height:65vh}
@media(max-width:1000px){.hero-grid{gap:35px;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr}.hero h1{font-size:46px}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:.94}.nav-wrap{gap:24px}.nav-link{font-size:15px}.requirements{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px 0}.requirements li:nth-child(4){border-left:0;padding-left:0}.moat-grid{gap:23px}.split-panel{gap:36px}.body-grid{gap:32px;grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr)}.campus-inputs{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.research-entry{grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px}.market-table th,.market-table td{padding:20px 12px}}
@media(max-width:800px){.market-table,.market-table tbody{display:block}.market-table thead{display:none}.market-table tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;border:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:23px}.market-table th,.market-table td{width:100%!important;display:block;padding:17px 20px}.market-table td:last-child{border:0}.market-table td:before{content:attr(data-label);font-family:'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:17px;display:block;margin-bottom:6px;color:var(--navy)}.market-table tbody th{font-size:23px}.table-index{display:inline-block;margin:0 15px 0 0}.market-table small{margin-left:31px}.market-table{background:transparent}.market-table td{background:#fff}.requirements{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.requirements li:nth-child(odd){border-left:0;padding-left:0}.requirements li:nth-child(even){border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:22px}.moat-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.research-entry{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:17px}.research-publisher{margin-top:9px}}
@media(max-width:720px){.header-main{padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:18px}.brand strong{font-size:25px}.brand small{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:1.1px}.brand-symbol{font-size:27px}.nav-wrap{gap:0}.nav-link{font-size:17px}.hero{padding:35px 0}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.hero h1{font-size:43px;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:0}.hero .lead{font-size:18px}.hero-photo img{aspect-ratio:1.65}.hero-photo figcaption{font-size:9px}.hero .actions{margin-top:25px;gap:18px}.status{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:0}.evidence-intro{max-width:none}.stat strong{font-size:36px}.section{padding:38px 0}.section-intro{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px;margin-bottom:25px}.section-intro .eyebrow{margin-top:0}.section-intro h2,.split-panel h2{font-size:31px}.requirements{gap:20px 0}.requirements h3{font-size:23px}.requirements p{font-size:12px}.requirements li{padding-top:19px}.requirements li:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.split-panel{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:27px}.stock-photo img{aspect-ratio:1.6}.page-heading h1,.article-header h1{font-size:37px;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.12}.page-heading .lead{font-size:17px}.page-heading{padding:30px 0}.body-grid{display:block}.campus-diagram{padding:18px}.campus-inputs{gap:10px}.campus-inputs .diagram-box{font-size:17px}.campus-inputs .diagram-box small{font-size:10px}.campus-inputs .diagram-box:after{display:none}.campus-inputs:after{display:none}.campus-inputs{padding-bottom:12px}.electrical-bus{font-size:18px}.research-jump{gap:12px 20px}.research-entry h3{font-size:26px}.research-group{padding-top:30px}.article-row h3{font-size:25px}.article-body h2{font-size:28px}.contact-panel h2{font-size:29px}.footer-links{font-size:12px}.brief-item h2{font-size:25px}.source-line .citation{display:inline-block;margin:4px 10px 0 0}.source-line .citation+.citation{margin-left:0}}
@media print{body{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt}.page-heading h1{font-size:28pt}.page-heading .lead{font-size:12pt}.brief-grid{gap:20px 30px}.brief-item h2{font-size:14pt}.brief-item p,.brief-item li,.brief-team p{font-size:9.5pt}.brief-team h2{font-size:14pt}.stock-photo,.research-jump{display:none}.citation{font-size:9pt}.research-entry{break-inside:avoid}.content-section:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.page-heading+.wrap{padding-bottom:0}}

/* QEYS Energy identity: white, navy, blue, and restrained burnt orange. */
:root {
  --navy: #12345a;
  --blue: #235b94;
  --orange: #c65b25;
  --ink: #263442;
  --muted: #536574;
  --line: #d4dfe8;
  --pale: #f2f6fa;
  --light: #e7eef5;
  --green: var(--orange);
}
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline-color: var(--orange); }
.identity { background: var(--navy); }
.site-header { border-bottom-color: var(--line); }
.brand-symbol { background: var(--navy); border-bottom: 3px solid var(--orange); }
.nav-link:hover, .nav-link[aria-current=page] { border-color: var(--orange); color: var(--navy); }
.hero { background: #fff; }
.hero h1 { max-width: 630px; }
.hero .status { display: block; font-size: 12px; }
.status:before { display: none; }
.page-heading { background: #fff; }
.section { padding: 66px 0; }
.section-intro { display: block; max-width: 800px; margin-bottom: 36px; }
.section-intro p { max-width: 760px; }
.section-tint { background: var(--pale); }
.requirements { display: block; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin: 0; }
.requirements > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr; gap: 36px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.requirements dt { font: 600 23px/1.4 'IBM Plex Sans Condensed', Arial, sans-serif; color: var(--navy); }
.requirements dd { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--ink); }
.thesis-section { background: #fff; }
.thesis-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .8fr 1.25fr; gap: 85px; }
.thesis-layout h2 { max-width: 360px; font-size: 36px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0; padding-top: 20px; position: relative; }
.thesis-layout h2:before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 48px; height: 3px; background: var(--orange); }
.thesis-copy { max-width: 760px; }
.thesis-copy p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 23px; color: var(--ink); }
.thesis-copy p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.commercial-copy p { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; }
.content-section .thesis-copy { margin-top: 26px; }
.content-section .thesis-copy p { font-size: 16px; }
.integration-steps section { border: 0; padding: 14px 0 4px; }
.integration-steps h3 { margin-top: 0; }
.engineering-note { border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 0; margin: 20px 0; }
.engineering-note p { margin: 0; }
.phase-list li { grid-template-columns: 45px 1fr; gap: 25px; padding: 28px 0; }
.phase-list .phase-num { color: var(--orange); }
.market-table tbody th { background: var(--pale); }
.market-table th, .market-table td { border-color: var(--line); }
.source-type, .research-group:first-of-type .source-type { border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 0; color: var(--blue); text-transform: none; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.research-publisher { margin-top: 6px; }
.founder { display: block; padding: 36px 0; }
.founder > div { max-width: 820px; }
.founder-role { font-size: 14px; }
.contact-panel { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); padding: 0; gap: 70px; }
.contact-panel h2, .contact-panel h3 { color: var(--navy); }
.contact-panel p { color: var(--ink); }
.contact-panel a { color: var(--blue); }
.contact-panel .contact-how { border-top-color: var(--line); }
.filter-bar { background: transparent; padding: 0 0 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.external-reading { background: transparent; padding: 28px 0 0; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.article-aside { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.brief-head { justify-content: flex-end; }
.brief-sections { margin: 22px 0 36px; }
.brief-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 55px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 30px 0; }
.brief-item h2 { font-size: 28px; margin: 0; }
.brief-item p, .brief-item li { font-size: 16px; }
.brief-item p:last-child, .brief-item ol:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.brief-team { max-width: 900px; }
.brief-team p { font-size: 16px; }
.footer { background: var(--pale); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
@media(max-width:1000px) {
  .thesis-layout { gap: 45px; }
  .requirements > div { grid-template-columns: 230px 1fr; gap: 25px; }
}
@media(max-width:720px) {
  .section { padding: 42px 0; }
  .section-intro { margin-bottom: 26px; }
  .thesis-layout { display: block; }
  .thesis-layout h2 { font-size: 31px; max-width: none; margin-bottom: 26px; }
  .thesis-copy p { font-size: 16px; }
  .requirements > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 5px; padding: 18px 0; }
  .requirements dt { font-size: 23px; }
  .requirements dd { font-size: 15px; }
  .phase-list li { grid-template-columns: 30px 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .contact-panel { gap: 28px; }
  .brief-item { display: block; padding: 26px 0; }
  .brief-item h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
  .brief-head { align-items: flex-end; }
  .article-aside { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
}
@media print {
  .thesis-layout, .brief-item { display: block; }
  .brief-item { padding: 15px 0; }
  .brief-item h2 { font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 8px; }
  .brief-item p, .brief-item li, .brief-team p { font-size: 10pt; }
  .brief-head { display: none; }
}

/* Investor introduction and custom QEYS symbol. */
.brand-mark { display:block; width:52px; height:52px; flex:0 0 52px; }
.hero h1 { font-size:51px; line-height:1.1; }
.hero-grid { grid-template-columns:1.18fr 1fr; gap:60px; }
.editorial-layout { display:grid; grid-template-columns:.85fr 1.35fr; gap:75px; }
.editorial-layout h2 { font-size:35px; line-height:1.2; max-width:365px; margin:0; }
.editorial-layout > div { max-width:760px; }
.editorial-layout p { font-size:17px; line-height:1.8; }
.editorial-layout .source-line { font-size:12px; line-height:1.6; }
.ai-context { border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.demand-intro { max-width:900px; margin-bottom:35px; }
.demand-intro h2 { font-size:35px; max-width:820px; }
.demand-intro p { font-size:17px; line-height:1.8; max-width:850px; }
.demand-comparison { border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; table-layout:fixed; }
.demand-comparison th, .demand-comparison td { text-align:left; vertical-align:top; padding:22px 15px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.demand-comparison th:first-child { width:38%; padding-left:0; }
.demand-comparison thead th { color:var(--navy); font-size:22px; font-weight:600; border-bottom:2px solid var(--navy); }
.demand-comparison thead th:first-child { font-size:17px; vertical-align:bottom; padding-bottom:23px; }
.demand-comparison thead span { font-size:13px; font-weight:400; display:block; color:var(--muted); margin-top:2px; }
.demand-comparison tbody th { font-size:17px; font-weight:400; padding-top:31px; }
.demand-comparison td { font:600 42px/1.3 'IBM Plex Sans Condensed',Arial,sans-serif; color:var(--navy); }
.demand-comparison td span { font:400 18px/1.3 'IBM Plex Sans',Arial,sans-serif; }
.demand-comparison tbody tr:last-child td { color:var(--blue); }
.demand-basis { max-width:900px; font-size:12px; line-height:1.65; color:var(--muted); margin:23px 0 15px; }
.visually-hidden { position:absolute; width:1px; height:1px; padding:0; margin:-1px; overflow:hidden; clip:rect(0,0,0,0); white-space:nowrap; border:0; }
.reserve-intro .split-panel { align-items:center; }
.reserve-intro .stock-photo img { aspect-ratio:1.2; }
.reserve-intro p { font-size:17px; line-height:1.8; }
.thesis-section .editorial-layout h2 { padding-top:21px; position:relative; }
.thesis-section .editorial-layout h2:before { content:''; position:absolute; left:0; top:0; width:48px; height:3px; background:var(--orange); }
.origin-links { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:15px 28px; margin-top:27px; }
@media(max-width:1000px) {
  .hero h1 {font-size:45px;}
  .hero-grid {gap:35px;}
  .editorial-layout {gap:40px;}
}
@media(max-width:720px) {
  .brand {gap:10px;}
  .brand-mark {width:44px; height:44px; flex-basis:44px;}
  .hero-grid {grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:30px;}
  .hero h1 {font-size:42px; line-height:1.1;}
  .editorial-layout {display:block;}
  .editorial-layout h2 {font-size:31px; max-width:none; margin-bottom:24px;}
  .editorial-layout p,.reserve-intro p {font-size:16px;}
  .demand-intro h2 {font-size:31px;}
  .demand-intro p {font-size:16px;}
  .demand-comparison th,.demand-comparison td {padding:18px 8px;}
  .demand-comparison th:first-child {width:35%;}
  .demand-comparison thead th {font-size:23px;}
  .demand-comparison thead th:first-child {font-size:13px;}
  .demand-comparison thead span {font-size:11px;}
  .demand-comparison tbody th {font-size:13px; padding-top:22px;}
  .demand-comparison td {font-size:32px;}
  .demand-comparison td span {font-size:12px; display:block; margin-top:2px;}
  .demand-basis {font-size:11px;}
  .reserve-intro .stock-photo img {aspect-ratio:1.6;}
}
@media(max-width:380px) {
  .brand strong {font-size:22px;}
  .brand small {font-size:7px; letter-spacing:1px;}
  .brand-mark {width:38px; height:38px; flex-basis:38px;}
  .header-main {gap:10px;}
  .menu-button {padding:7px 10px;}
  .hero h1 {font-size:38px;}
  .demand-comparison td {font-size:29px;}
}